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The patch was described in a 1988 paper published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The area of increased plastic particles is located within the North Pacific Gyre, one of the five major ocean gyres. This growing patch contributes to other environmental damage to marine ecosystems and species. A similar patch of floating plastic debris is found in the Atlantic Ocean, called the North Atlantic garbage patch. The gyre contains approximately six pounds of plastic for every pound of plankton. The patch is believed to have increased '10-fold each decade' since 1945. Research indicates that the patch is rapidly accumulating.

Some of the plastic in the patch is over 50 years old, and includes items (and fragments of items) such as 'plastic lighters, toothbrushes, water bottles, pens, baby bottles, cell phones, plastic bags, and nurdles.' The same 2018 study found that, while microplastics dominate the area by count, 92% of the mass of the patch consists of larger objects which have not yet fragmented into microplastics. Researchers from The Ocean Cleanup project claimed that the patch covers 1.6 million square kilometres (620 thousand square miles) consisting of 45–129 thousand metric tons (50–142 thousand short tons) of plastic as of 2018.

This is because the patch is a widely dispersed area consisting primarily of suspended 'fingernail-sized or smaller'-often microscopic-particles in the upper water column known as microplastics. ĭespite the common public perception of the patch existing as giant islands of floating garbage, its low density (4 particles per cubic metre (3.1/cu yd)) prevents detection by satellite imagery, or even by casual boaters or divers in the area.

The collection of plastic and floating trash originates from the Pacific Rim, including countries in Asia, North America, and South America. It is located roughly from 135°W to 155°W and 35°N to 42°N. The Great Pacific garbage patch (also Pacific trash vortex and North Pacific Garbage Patch ) is a garbage patch, a gyre of marine debris particles, in the central North Pacific Ocean. Great Pacific Garbage Patch in August 2015 (model) The patch is created in the gyre of the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone. For other marine gyres in the world's oceans, see Garbage patch.

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